American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) ITE Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which statement is true about pituitary adenomas?
• In Dupuytren's contracture, which statement is true?
• For Molluscum contagiosum in children, what is the initial management if lesions are asymptomatic and not inflamed?
• Which statement is true regarding TSH elevations in ageing?
• In an older patient with aortic stenosis and a systolic murmur, which symptom would be most concerning?
• In uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis, what is an appropriate initial management for mild to moderate symptoms?
• Which combination of sleep-related factors is a risk factor for SIDS?
• In a child with intestinal worm exposure on a farm and abdominal bloating, which parasite is most likely to cause intestinal obstruction in a heavy infection?
• What factor should guide the choice of genital warts treatment?
• Which intervention is known to raise HDL cholesterol?
• Immunotherapy can prevent recurrence of severe allergic reactions triggered by which exposure?
• In suspected endometriosis, which imaging modality is noninvasive and considered the test of choice?
• Disulfiram reduces alcoholism by acute ethanol sensitivity. Which option correctly reflects this mechanism in a simple form?
• Which antipsychotic is associated with higher risk of death due to stroke or sudden cardiac death in patients with dementia?
• For children over age 14 or those with certain immunocompromising conditions, how many HPV vaccine doses are required?
• Patellofemoral pain syndrome is most commonly managed with which initial plan for adolescent girls?
• What is the recommended surveillance interval for Barrett's esophagus with no dysplasia?
• In the described sequence for treating iron deficiency anemia, what is the final therapy?
• In sepsis, a serum lactate value greater than 4 mmol/L is correlated with increased severity of illness and poorer outcomes even if hypotension is not yet present.
• Which peripheral smear finding is characteristic of vitamin B12 deficiency?
• What is the most common cause of chest pain in children?
• In evaluating ischaemic heart disease, a patient with low to intermediate pre-test risk who has a normal resting ECG and is physically fit can proceed with which test?
• For uncomplicated Salmonella gastroenteritis, antibiotics should be:
• A 2-day-old infant presents with flesh-colored papules on the face and trunk on an erythematous base; lesions contain eosinophils. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which statement accurately reflects hepatitis C screening recommendations?
• What nonpharmacologic measure is recommended for a patient with elevated blood pressure who refuses medications?
• Which medication class is a known potential cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia and should be considered in evaluation?
• In acute salpingitis, adnexal fullness is typically detected on which side?
• One maternal complication reduced by adequate treatment of gestational diabetes is
• What splint is commonly used for a distal radial fracture?
• When should screening for gestational diabetes mellitus begin in pregnancy?
• Which type of bilirubin is unconjugated (indirect)?
• What is the initial management step for ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia?
• What is an empiric antibiotic commonly used for acute pyelonephritis in adults?
• Which anticoagulation strategy is preferred for DVT/PE in pregnancy and cancer-associated thrombosis?
• Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn chest radiograph shows what appearance?
• For suspected pertussis, which test provides a definite diagnostic result?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?
• What is the best approach to making a diagnosis of fibromyalgia?
• Which finding would argue against a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome?
• What is a major risk factor for a successful suicide attempt?
• Which imaging modality is preferred to evaluate a suspected retropharyngeal or deep neck abscess that may require drainage?
• Meningococcal prophylaxis is recommended for which groups?
• In suspected pulmonary embolism, which initial finding would be the strongest indication for thrombolytic therapy?
• In diastolic dysfunction, which parameter is typically preserved?
• Regarding pressure ulcers and eschar management, which statement is correct?
• Which of the following is a feature of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants?
• Which of the following is a recommended non-pharmacologic method for managing hypertension?
• Which statement about phimosis in young boys is true?
• What is the recommended next step in evaluating incidental isolated leukocytosis when no clear cause is found?
• What is the diagnostic test of choice for septic arthritis?
• What is the most prevalent form of elder abuse?
• What is an appropriate initial management approach for a child with presumed reactive cervical lymphadenopathy?
• Proctalgia fugax is best described as which of the following?
• What finding defines precocious puberty in boys?
• In asymptomatic carotid artery disease, what is recommended regarding screening for stroke risk?
• Most acute bronchitis cases in adults are due to what etiology?
• To diagnose PCOS, a patient must have how many of the three key features?
• In the context of asymptomatic carotid stenosis screening, which statement is most accurate?
• What is the current guideline for screening asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in adults?
• Which disease-modifying agent may reduce MS relapses but is not a first-line treatment for an acute MS flare?
• Which treatment is indicated for hypervolemic hyponatremia?
• To minimize the risk of postpartum haemorrhage, which practice should be avoided?
• MRI of the breasts is reserved for women at very high risk for breast cancer, such as those with genetic mutations, a history of breast irradiation, or a very high-risk family history.
• Exenatide is an example of which anti-diabetic drug class?
• What screening sequence is recommended for adolescent depression?
• Normocytic anemia is a feature of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants.
• Which statement best describes a simple febrile seizure?
• For a low-risk patient with a 4 mm to <6 mm pulmonary nodule, what is the recommended next step?
• Excessive femoral anteversion with normal mobility: how is it managed?
• Small rectal or sigmoid hyperplastic polyps have what level of risk for dysplasia or progression to colon cancer?
• Which statement about angiokeratomas is true?
• Which class is most effective for treating fibromyalgia according to this material?
• Which statement is not a characteristic of a simple febrile seizure?
• Which lipid-modifying agent is most appropriate to increase HDL?
• In COPD with suspected pulmonary hypertension, when should supplemental oxygen be recommended?
• Should asymptomatic smokers be screened for COPD with spirometry?
• In pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder, which medication is most effective at preventing relapse when added to psychosocial interventions?
• What is the most common neurological complication of Paget's disease of the bone?
• For PCOS not desiring pregnancy, which treatment option is commonly used?
• A child with BMI percentile 92 is classified as what weight category?
• Which is an absolute contraindication to starting testosterone replacement therapy?
• What is the blood pressure goal for a patient aged 65 with no comorbid conditions according to the older JNC 8 guidelines?
• What is the first-line imaging modality for acute abdominal pain in children?
• In acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease, which antibiotic coverage is recommended?
• For pressure ulcers, which cleansing approach is recommended?
• Which antibiotic class is associated with prolonged QT intervals?
• In patients with severe renal impairment, which opioid can be a reasonable option, while it should be avoided in severe hepatic impairment?
• Which statement is true about vaccines not routinely given after age 6?
• Which testing is recommended for MSM in a monogamous relationship during routine health visits?
• Which statement best defines chronic kidney disease?
• Which sleep position is not associated with an increased risk of SIDS?
• In preeclampsia, is vaginal delivery preferred over cesarean delivery?
• Which vaccine is associated with febrile seizures in the first two weeks after administration?
• Which combination of biomarkers is useful to guide management when pneumonia or heart failure is suspected?
• In prepatellar bursitis, what does the evidence say about corticosteroid injections?
• Pleural effusions associated with malignancy, pneumonia, viral illness, and asbestosis are typically which type?
• In evaluating the usefulness of a diagnostic test for endometrial cancer, which statistic is most useful?
• What is the natural course of nonretractile foreskin in young boys?
• In treating depression with neuropathic pain, which antidepressant class is preferred?
• In suspected DVT, which test is most appropriate as the next step when pretest probability is high or intermediate?
• What is considered the sole disease-modifying therapy for rheumatoid arthritis?
• Early Lyme disease presenting with facial nerve palsy should be treated with which regimen?
• Which antidepressant has consistent evidence for improving depressive symptoms in children and adolescents?
• When is an antibiotic time-out typically performed as part of stewardship?
• Which regimen is used to treat hirsutism in premenopausal women?
• Which of the following factors increases the risk for venous thromboembolism and stroke?
• What are the recommended ages for autism-specific screening with the M-CHAT?
• Which antidepressant class is most likely to cause hyponatremia via SIADH?
• What is the mainstay treatment for knee osteoarthritis?
• Which medications are used to reduce the risk of developing diabetes in people with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance?
• In COPD GOLD, which statement is true regarding initial pharmacologic management for a patient in Combined Assessment Category A?
• Which treatment has been shown to improve quality of life for a patient with tinnitus?
• Testing for suspected clinically diagnosed acute bacterial prostatitis should include which of the following?
• Which intervention is shown to be effective in preventing and treating pressure ulcers?
• In cancer-associated thrombosis, which anticoagulation strategy is preferred?
• A patient presents with an abrupt severe headache and neck pain. Suspecting subarachnoid hemorrhage, what is the initial diagnostic workup?
• In end-stage renal disease, which narcotic is preferred due to hepatic elimination?
• In evaluating suspected hypogonadism in men, which test should be ordered first?
• Which specimen type is used to test porphyrins for diagnosis of porphyrias?
• In euthyroid sick syndrome, which statement best describes thyroid hormone levels?
• Randomized clinical trials of antioxidant supplementation have demonstrated which outcome?
• Which cardiac chamber diameter best predicts maintenance of sinus rhythm after successful cardioversion in atrial fibrillation?
• Which statement about informed consent for treatment of minors is true?
• Which statement best describes nursemaid's elbow and its management?
• Which patient scenario currently requires antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis?
• For more severe CAP requiring hospitalization, which empiric therapy is appropriate?
• Which feature is typical of transient synovitis?
• Which imaging modality is primarily used for investigation of spina bifida?
• In a patient with a normal free T4, what TSH level defines hypothyroidism?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation?
• How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients?
• Bone mineral density monitoring after bariatric surgery is typically performed how often?
• For asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, which screening strategy is recommended?
• Among cardiac manifestations of Lyme disease, which is the most common?
• For CAP mortality risk factors, which option is most clearly a risk factor?
• Which of the following is a laboratory finding consistent with von Willebrand disease?
• In anaphylaxis, which drug is most likely helpful in preventing the need for intubation?
• Which medication is most associated with QT prolongation risk when treating bipolar disorder?
• What is the treatment of choice for an acute multiple sclerosis flare?
• In Oppositional Defiant Disorder, how many symptoms are required for diagnosis?
• Which anti-diabetic medication class is associated with increased risk of urinary tract infections and vaginal thrush in women?
• In dementia-related behavioral symptoms treated with antipsychotics, which statement is true?
• Which is the most effective initial remedy for short-duration laryngitis, whether viral or from vocal overuse?
• In a patient with a history of severe cirrhosis or liver cancer, which contraceptive method would be preferred?
• What is the most specific feature of a peritonsillar abscess?
• Pityriasis rosea in pregnancy is associated with spontaneous abortion in the first 15 weeks. Which option is true?
• In treating a simple skin abscess with no overlying cellulitis, the use of antibiotics is:
• A patient who lived on a farm in Iowa presents with chest radiographs showing both lungs with calcifications in a miliary pattern. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Prepatellar bursitis is typically described as being associated with what level of pain?
• Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction?
• Intermittent carpal tunnel pain: which nonoperative management has evidence of reducing pain?
• Where should a corticosteroid injection be administered for rotator cuff tendinitis?
• What is the first-line treatment for acute urticaria?
• If a CT chest is normal in the workup of haemoptysis, how long should the patient be observed?
• According to the American Thyroid Association, which patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism should be treated?
• Which is a potential risk of corticosteroid injection into the olecranon bursa?
• Why are second-generation H1 antihistamines preferred for acute urticaria?
• What is the target fasting blood glucose reading in gestational diabetes mellitus?
• Pearly Penile Papules are typically located around which anatomical feature?
• Which diagnostic test confirms Turner’s syndrome?
• Which anti-diabetic medication class includes canagliflozin as an example?
• What dietary change is recommended for diverticulosis?
• In a patient with hemodynamically unstable supraventricular tachycardia, which first-line intervention is indicated?
• Concerning nondisplaced tuberosity avulsion fractures of the proximal 5th metatarsal, which management is recommended?
• Screening for chronic hepatitis B infection is NOT recommended for which group?
• Backup contraception after insertion of Mirena within 7 days after menstrual bleeding started: is backup contraception needed?
• In septic shock, which vasopressor is preferred as first-line due to better outcomes and fewer adverse events than alternatives?
• If non-surgical management is chosen for a Jones fracture, what is the typical initial step?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to estrogen-containing contraception methods?
• After a positive non-treponemal test, which option is the appropriate next step?
• In older children with community-acquired pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which antibiotic is appropriate?
• Which finding defines severe chronic kidney disease?
• Which approach most improves outcomes in schizophrenia?
• A patient with community-acquired pneumonia and recent hotel or cruise ship travel is most likely infected with which pathogen?
• A patient with ovarian cysts who has a positive family history of BRCA mutations presents with a functional cyst. Which factor would most strongly suggest considering surgical evaluation?
• What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
• What is an expected physiologic change in elderly patients?
• What is the recommended initial management for concussion?
• Which antibiotic is considered first-line therapy for non-bullous impetigo?
• Which screening is recommended yearly for MSM in a monogamous relationship?
• Which feature is more characteristic of Crohn's disease than ulcerative colitis?
• Which class of antibiotics is recommended for treatment of pertussis?
• Which statement accurately describes initial management of olecranon bursitis?
• For residual telangiectasia after involution of infantile hemangiomas, which therapy can be used?
• What is an absolute contraindication to fibrinolytic therapy in the setting described?
• Before travel to areas with high TB prevalence, what testing is recommended and when should it be repeated if negative?
• What is the primary advantage of the recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) compared with the live vaccine (Zostavax)?
• Which screening tool is used for autism risk at 18 and 24 months?
• PPSV23 vaccination for asplenic patients is recommended to be given twice. When should the second dose be administered after the first?
• Which statement best describes monitoring requirements for amiodarone?
• Which dermatologic finding is characteristic of dermatomyositis?
• Which BMI percentile defines underweight in children?
• Buckle fracture management of the distal radius is typically treated with?
• Initial screening for hereditary hemochromatosis in individuals with persistent abnormal liver tests involves measurement of which parameters?
• What agent can treat ACE inhibitor–induced angioedema due to bradykinin?
• In pregnancy-induced hypertension without severe features, when is delivery recommended?
• In managing preeclampsia, what factors determine the timing of delivery, and which delivery method is preferred?
• Remission in alcohol use disorder is defined as which of the following?
• Antidepressant to avoid in the elderly?
• Perianal manifestations are a distinguishing feature of which inflammatory bowel disease?
• Which intervention has the best evidence for long-term success in preventing nocturnal enuresis?
• Non-inferiority study is best described as which of the following?
• For De Quervain's tenosynovitis, initial management typically includes immobilization with a thumb spica splint and NSAID for how long?
• For children younger than 6 years with ADHD, what is the first-line treatment?
• Subclinical hypothyroidism: When should TSH be repeated to determine persistence?
• Giant cell arteritis is best prevented from causing blindness by which approach?
• Which statement about pituitary adenomas is true?
• Which statement about genital warts treatment outcomes is true?
• In severe asthma presenting with an exacerbation, what should be given to reduce the likelihood of hospitalization?
• Who is appropriate to conduct a spiritual assessment upon hospital admission in suitable cases?
• Which symptom cluster is typical of coccidioidomycosis in an otherwise healthy adult?
• Which medication should be started at a low dosage and titrated slowly to minimize the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
• An incidental adrenal mass on CT less than 5 cm is most likely which of the following?
• Which pharmacotherapy is used to reduce alcohol consumption and increase abstinence?
• If more severe neurologic manifestations occur in early systemic Lyme disease, management may require what?
• Which approach is recommended for persistent food refusal in infants and toddlers?
• Premature adrenarche differs from central puberty in that it does not involve activation of which axis?
• In upper airway cough syndrome, which physical finding may be present?
• A patient on hydrochlorothiazide develops hyponatraemia; which medication could contribute via SIADH?
• In a critically ill adult, which DVT prophylaxis is associated with the greatest reduction in mortality risk?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists?
• Screening first-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve should be performed with which imaging modality?
• Activated vitamin D (calcitriol) supplementation is generally necessary in which scenario?
• If a patient reports that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination for influenza can proceed with what precautions?
• What is the preferred nutritional route in severe acute pancreatitis within the first 48 hours?
• Which histologic type of colonic polyp greater than 1 cm has the greatest malignant potential?
• Which treatment is appropriate for mild hypovolemic hyponatremia?
• Which medication class is associated with hypercalcemia?
• Chiggers are the larval form of which organism, and where do bites tend to occur?
• Exposure to bird or bat excrement is a common cause of histoplasmosis. Is treatment usually needed?
• DSM-5 criteria for ADHD in adults requires which of the following?
• In narcolepsy management, which strategy is considered a core daytime management practice to help reduce symptoms?
• Which of the following hemodynamic criteria define severe symptomatic aortic stenosis requiring valve replacement?
• In diarrhea-predominant IBS, which class of antidepressants is favored due to anticholinergic properties?
• What is the test of choice to confirm microscopic colitis?
• Plague occurs in two regions of the western United States. Which location is part of one of those regions?
• Growing pains in children are best described as which of the following?
• What medication is used to prevent alcohol withdrawal seizures?
• What is considered first-line pharmacotherapy in PTSD?
• According to US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines, the opt-out HIV screening is recommended for individuals aged:
• For a gout flare in CKD, which is preferred?
• First-line treatment for hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is what?
• Treatment of acute Bell's palsy is most effective when antiviral medication is added to corticosteroids and started within 72 hours of symptom onset.
• What ECG findings are typical of acute pericarditis?
• Treatment of menopausal symptoms is commonly with which agent?
• Which statement about TB screening tests is true?
• Which laboratory finding is classically associated with von Willebrand disease?
• For the treatment of primary malignant melanoma, which margin around the gross lesion is recommended to ensure complete excision?
• Which of the following is NOT part of nonpharmacologic management for infant reflux?
• For hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, what is the first-line pharmacologic therapy?
• Which group has the highest prevalence of syphilis?
• Which scenario warrants referral to a nephrologist?
• The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening children 9-11 years old for which condition?
• When syphilis is suspected, what test is used for initial evaluation?
• What pharmacologic approach is commonly recommended for acute non-specific back pain?
• Which antibiotics are appropriate for moderate non-purulent cellulitis?
• If the anti-HCV antibody test result is positive, which test should be used to confirm current infection?
• Which history finding greatly increases the risk of accidental opiate-related overdose?
• Barrett's surveillance for no dysplasia uses what surveillance interval?
• What is the effect of long-term treatment for narcotic addiction with methadone and buprenorphine compared to detoxification programs?
• Which statement correctly describes the diagnostic criteria for PCOS?
• Beta-carotene or vitamin E supplementation for prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer is which of the following?
• In Dupuytren's contracture, when is surgical release indicated?
• Which feeding policy aligns with Baby-Friendly certification standards?
• Which finding is the most sensitive for femoroacetabular impingement on physical examination?
• What is the treatment of life-threatening heat stroke?
• Branchial cleft cysts accounts for a notable portion of pediatric neck masses and are typically located where?
• Asymptomatic patients with sustained blood pressure >135/80 mm Hg should be screened for which condition?
• What is the most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care settings in the United States?
• Which medication is an SSRI commonly used to treat adolescent depression?
• What class of medication is first-line for relief of dyspnea in palliative care?
• What is the usual management for flexible metatarsus adductus in infants?
• For Generalised Anxiety Disorder, what is considered first-line pharmacotherapy?
• Which medication classes have been shown to decrease mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure?
• Erythema multiforme is most commonly triggered by which infectious agent?
• Which parasite typically presents with anal pruritus in children?
• What is a typical initial management approach for Baker's cyst?
• For nontoxic children aged 3-36 months with fever under 39 C and no concerning findings, what follow-up is recommended if fever rises to 39 C or more?
• In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation should begin at what age to prevent iron deficiency anaemia?
• Valproate-treated patients presenting with altered mental status are at risk for which metabolic complication?
• Which laboratory parameter best assesses response to oral iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia?
• Which antidepressant is preferred for elderly patients due to lower anticholinergic burden?
• Intensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetes shows a delay in the development of which complication?
• Which drug class has mortality benefit in HFrEF in addition to ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and beta-blockers?
• What pathogen is commonly transmitted from pet reptiles to humans?
• DiGeorge syndrome is typically associated with which calcium disturbance?
• The arrhythmia from QT prolongation is more common in patients with prior cardiac history; which is it?
• Which influenza vaccine is more effective in children aged 2–6 years?
• In patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension, which hormone is often elevated contributing to upper airway obstruction?
• What is the recommended duration of continuous splinting for Boxer's fracture?
• Which imaging modality is most sensitive for proximal fifth metatarsal stress fracture (Jones fracture)?
• Which imaging modality is preferred as the initial study for most children presenting with a neck mass?
• In Kawasaki disease, what test should be ordered to evaluate for cardiac complications?
• In newborns with Down syndrome, which test is routinely used to assess congenital heart disease?
• Which examination finding is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis?
• What technique reduces pain on injection of lidocaine?
• Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood are typically characterized by which features?
• In primary prevention, at what estimated 10-year ASCVD risk should statin therapy begin according to guidelines?
• Which factor or combination of factors constitutes a high-risk bite wound requiring prophylactic antibiotics?
• Which cancer is most commonly diagnosed in the United States?
• Which dietary component is recommended as part of nonpharmacologic hypertension management?
• Which of the following are significant risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma?
• Uncomplicated impetigo can be treated with which topical agent?
• Which drug is known to cause both BOOP and interstitial pneumonitis?
• Which of the following is a feature of fetal alcohol syndrome?
• Pulmonary hypertension at rest is defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than what value?
• Which test is used to assess tubal patency in infertility work-up?
• Which NSAID is preferred in patients with underlying coronary artery disease risk factors?
• Which maternal outcome is decreased with proper management of gestational diabetes?
• According to USPSTF guidelines, which hrHPV-based screening interval is recommended for women aged 30-65?
• Treatment of epididymitis includes which combination of measures?
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae is best minimized by which shaving method?
• Angiokeratomas typically present as which of the following?
• What is the treatment of choice for Kawasaki disease to reduce coronary abnormalities?
• Prepatellar bursitis is also known as which term?
• Which helminth infection is a significant cause of iron-deficiency anemia in children globally?
• With FRAX score <20%, what is the recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D?
• Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria is defined as what level of red blood cells per high power field in the absence of obvious causes?
• Which group is considered high risk for influenza complications?
• For latent TB infection, what is the standard preventive regimen duration with isoniazid?
• What type of intervention does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older at increased risk?
• Initial evaluation of pediatric hypertension should include assessment for renal dysfunction and end-organ damage; which imaging studies are recommended?
• Pityriasis rosea in pregnancy is associated with what adverse outcome in the first 15 weeks?
• Which antidepressants are associated with QT prolongation and should be avoided when used with concomitant atypical antipsychotics?
• What are the estimated GFR thresholds that limit SGLT2 inhibitors?
• Positive hip FADIR and FABER tests are most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which antibiotic has antipseudomonal activity and would be most appropriate for such puncture wounds?
• Radioactive iodine uptake on thyroid scanning is typically high in Graves disease and low in other conditions. Which statement is correct?
• Continuous prophylactic antibiotics in moderate COPD results in which outcome?
• Which of the following is listed as treatment for SSRI overdose?
• According to CDC guidelines, the opt-out HIV screening is recommended for individuals aged:
• Rash associated with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is characterized by what facial rash?
• Bilateral lower limb edema can be due to several systemic conditions. Which of the following is a plausible systemic cause?
• Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a risk associated with rapid correction of which electrolyte abnormality?
• Nits are louse eggs and do not necessarily indicate an active infection. Which statement is true about nit management?
• Which disorder of sexual development is associated with increased risk of endometrial cancer, coeliac disease, and structural heart defects?
• According to DSM-5, the severity of anorexia nervosa is based on which parameter?
• For women aged 21-29, which statement best reflects HPV screening recommendations?
• In an adult, the radiation exposure from a typical abdominal CT examination is approximately equivalent to how many posteroanterior chest radiographs?
• What is a classic rash pattern in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
• In patients with shellfish allergy, the use of intravenous contrast is associated with which correlation?
• Which statement best describes constitutional growth delay?
• Which factor best describes the relationship between smoking and vascular events in this context?
• Which statement is true about Boxer's fracture management?
• Which metric on a sleep study is used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea?
• Jersey finger results from rupture of which tendon due to a sudden force applied to the distal phalanx while the finger is in flexion?
• Which chronic medication can cause B12 deficiency?
• Which BMI criterion qualifies for bariatric surgery according to the guidelines?
• Direct bilirubin is conjugated and associated with which conditions?
• Acute bacterial parotitis is typically treated empirically with which class of antibiotics?
• In unilateral adolescent gynaecomastia, which side is more commonly involved?
• In frail elderly patients with diabetes, what HbA1c target is commonly aimed for?
• What pharmacologic therapies have been shown to be most effective for somatic symptom disorder?
• In euthyroid sick syndrome, which of the following is true about thyroid hormone levels?
• ALS clinical manifestation?
• Which physical method can be used to treat molluscum contagiosum lesions?
• What is considered the most beneficial treatment for borderline personality disorder?
• Which medication is effective for acute migraine beyond its antiemetic benefit and can be given intravenously when oral medications cannot be tolerated?
• Palivizumab prophylaxis is recommended for which population during RSV season?
• Lung cancer screening eligibility?
• In RSV bronchiolitis, what oxygen status indicates that room air is sufficient?
• Postexposure prophylaxis after exposure to invasive meningococcal disease should be started no later than how many days after exposure?
• To reduce dosing errors in children, apart from appropriate education to parents, what is recommended?
• If a patient is considered at high risk for iron deficiency anemia, universal screening should be conducted at which ages?
• Acamprosate is contraindicated in which condition?
• Pregnant women who empty cat litter boxes are at increased risk for which infection?
• Initial fluid resuscitation in septic shock should include isotonic crystalloid at 30 mL/kg within the first 3 hours, delivered as small boluses of about 500 mL.
• Non-specific lower back pain imaging: When is imaging appropriate?
• By what age should ophthalmologic referral be considered for intermittent infantile esotropia (eyes crossing) that persists?
• Besides the likelihood ratio, which statistics are mentioned as useful in evaluating test usefulness?
• Light's criteria define an exudative pleural effusion by which finding?
• Which of the following has been shown to improve quality of life in tinnitus management?
• Two first-degree relatives diagnosed with colorectal cancer at any age: when should they start screening colonoscopy?
• In asymptomatic sarcoidosis, which organ should be examined yearly to detect extrapulmonary manifestations?
• Which second-generation antihistamine is associated with sedation?
• At what age should average-risk individuals be switched from universal to more individualized colorectal cancer screening strategy?
• Annual failure rate of a combined oral contraceptive pill is approximately?
• What is the time window for early remission in alcohol use disorder?
• Which agent is used to improve nighttime sleep and daytime symptoms in narcolepsy?
• What is considered the most important risk factor for being a victim of domestic abuse?
• According to guidelines, which vaccination would be recommended for grandparents to protect their infant grandchild from illness?
• Which features are characteristic of psychogenic tremor?
• What test is used to confirm proteinuria in individuals with positive dipstick or nephrotic syndrome symptoms?
• For latent TB infection prophylaxis, which drug is commonly used in monotherapy?
• Drug used for placental delivery, aiding in uterine contraction and reducing postpartum hemorrhage but is contraindicated in asthmatics?
• In the United States, at what age is cow's milk recommended to be introduced?
• Infantile hemangiomas usually appear by 4 weeks and stop growing by 5 months; what is the preferred initial treatment?
• Patients with celiac disease are at increased risk of osteoporosis due to what mechanism?
• What is the most common cause of hearing loss in newborns?
• On a background of chronic kidney disease, which agent is preferred for an acute gout flare?
• In pediatric care, which statement best describes consent by guardianship?
• In the initial management of stable, regular, monomorphic wide-complex tachycardia, which agent is indicated?
• The etiologic organism for American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is which of the following?
• What does USPSTF recommend for women with family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer?
• NOAC with reversal agent?
• Initial work-up for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis should begin with:
• Internal tibial torsion usually resolves by what age?
• Which hormones are typically evaluated initially in suspected male hypogonadism?
• For papulopustular rosacea not fully responding to topical therapy, which systemic antibiotic is preferred?
• On examination, where is a Baker's cyst mass typically palpated when the knee is extended?
• Which laxative is preferred for functional constipation in children due to fewer side effects and greater effectiveness?
• For MSM in a monogamous relationship at a routine health visit, which statement is true regarding HIV prophylaxis?
• In rate control of atrial fibrillation, what is a typical target heart rate?
• Which medication class can be beneficial for chronic laryngitis caused by acid reflux?
• After the first cycle of treatment for head lice, apart from home eradication measures and regular nit combing, patient may return to class with retreatment in a week's time.
• Before initiating oral combined oral contraceptive pills, which parameter is essential to assess?
• Why are direct oral anticoagulants generally not used in cancer-associated thrombosis currently?
• What is the mechanism of action of polyethylene glycol in constipation-predominant IBS?
• Which finding in a neck mass raises concern for possible malignancy in a child, warranting immediate surgical referral for biopsy?
• In febrile infants younger than 29 days or any child with a toxic appearance, what is recommended?
• In suspected septic bursitis, which procedure is indicated?
• What is the recommended initial management for vertebral compression fractures?
• TIPS may increase risk for which complication?
• Which inflammatory cell is characteristically found in lesions of erythema toxicum neonatorum?
• What is the preferred initial treatment for lupus arthritis?
• When the knee is flexed to about 45 degrees, what happens to the pain and the cyst?
• In hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, which statement describes the murmur?
• In menstruating women with a functional ovarian cyst identified incidentally, what is the recommended initial management?
• After initiation of an ACE inhibitor or an ARB with renoprotective effects, the creatinine level may rise by up to what percentage?
• In asymptomatic sarcoidosis, which organ system should be examined yearly to detect extrapulmonary manifestations?
• For individuals with a history of severe egg-related reactions, which is recommended during vaccination?
• Which organisms are common causes of neonatal sepsis?
• In elderly patients, which issue is a concern with sympathomimetic decongestants such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine?
• Which factor best predicts future risk of type 2 diabetes in someone with prior gestational diabetes?
• Which features are characteristic of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?
• Which statement is true about the Moving Valgus Stress Test?
• A patient with long-standing type 1 diabetes develops hypoglycemia; the most likely contributing complication is which of the following?
• Chlamydia screening recommendations include annual testing for which group?
• Parvovirus B19 infection (erythema infectiosum) rash is best described as which pattern?
• What is the initial management for lateral dislocation of the patella?
• If a child presents with a non-emergent condition and there is no evidence of permission from a parent or guardian, what is the appropriate step?
• For falls prevention in community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older at increased risk, which is the recommended activity?
• Test to assess for frailty as a component of the preoperative assessment?
• Screening test with greatest potential for overdiagnosis?
• Where do erythema multiforme rashes typically appear?
• Indication for 2nd dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children?
• What is the first-line treatment for non-bullous impetigo?
• Which statement about COPD GOLD treatment indications is true?
• During pregnancy, which antithyroid drug is preferred during the first trimester?
• In addition to antibiotics, which non-pharmacologic measures may help alleviate symptoms in acute parotitis?
• What is the most common cause of chronic cough in adults?
• Which bioterrorism agent requires 60 days of continuous antibiotics for treatment?
• Medications that can reduce serum vitamin D levels include which of the following?
• Mental health screening for refugees should assess for which conditions?
• Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes?
• Which of the following would help prevent recurrent kidney stones?
• A 60-day-old infant with fever but non-toxic appearance and negative CBC and UA; what is recommended?
• Hospice care eligibility is based on which criterion?
• What parameter should be periodically monitored in patients taking amiodarone?
• A child grew up in a household with substance abuse, mental illness, and violent treatment; the father is now incarcerated. Considering adverse childhood experiences, this child is at greatest risk for which outcome in adulthood?
• Which of the following best describes standard management of Henoch-Schönlein purpura?
• Koplik spots are pathognomonic for which disease?
• Besides clinodactyly, which musculoskeletal abnormality is described with fetal alcohol syndrome?
• In a degenerative tear of the knee meniscus without osteoarthritis, what is the recommended initial management?
• Age range for autism-specific screening tool recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics?
• Little League shoulder is another name for which condition?
• What is the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
• In polymyalgia rheumatica, what is the typical response and duration of corticosteroid therapy?
• Surgery should be reserved for children 8-10 years of age who still have cosmetically unacceptable, dysfunctional gaits. In this context, what age range is cited for surgical consideration?
• In asymptomatic patients, baseline ECG is not recommended.
• Which condition is associated with falsely lowering HbA1c in diabetics?
• After sleeve gastrectomy, which medication should be avoided due to risk of anastomotic ulcers?
• First-line therapy for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for lung cancer?
• Anti-DM medications for weight loss: which class is associated with weight loss?
• According to JNC 8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure goal for patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease?
• What is the definitive treatment for preeclampsia?
• Which parameter should be monitored in testosterone replacement therapy due to potential hematocrit increase?
• In bipolar disorder, SSRI monotherapy should be avoided; treatment often involves combining an antidepressant with mood stabilizers or antipsychotics.
• Sever's disease is best described as
• Which parasitic infection, if left untreated, can lead to cardiomyopathy and fatal cardiac arrhythmias in the United States?
• Which asthma classification is defined by symptoms present throughout the day, nighttime awakenings up to seven times per week, high inhaler use, and an FEV1 less than 60% of predicted?
• If there is a strong clinical suspicion of syphilis, which action is indicated?
• Augmentation for resistant depression may include which class of medication?
• Which statement about syphilis testing is false?
• Which history finding greatly increases the risk of accidental opiate overdose?
• Which is the recommended initial management for mild euvolemic hyponatremia?
• What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?
• Which class of calcium channel blockers may be harmful due to negative inotropic effects?
• In diastolic dysfunction, which finding is most likely observed?
• Which pathogens predominate in acute chest syndrome among sickle cell disease patients?
• In distal extensor tendon injuries with an associated avulsion fracture, referral to orthopedics is advised when the avulsion involves more than what percentage of the joint space?
• Which antibiotic is added when prosthetic valves are present in infective endocarditis?
• USPTF 'D' recommendation indicates
• Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when the primary water supply is deficient in fluoride?
• What is the greatest modifiable risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm?
• Which treatment is indicated for severe symptomatic hyponatremia?
• Which vaccines are included in the routine catch-up vaccines for 11- to 12-year-olds?
• Which medication is considered first-line pharmacotherapy for diabetic gastroparesis?
• In the initial workup for suspected urinary tract malignancy presenting with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, which combination of tests is recommended?
• Which activity is best avoided within 2 hours of bedtime due to sleep disruption?
• If a child is suspected of having head lice, what is the recommended initial management before treatment?
• Premature adrenarche is characterized by which feature?
• In the initial evaluation of a sport-related concussion, when is CT imaging indicated?
• During shared decision-making about an antihypertensive medication, which patient-oriented outcome is most important to discuss?
• Jersey finger mechanism: which description accurately defines the injury?
• Which adverse effects are associated with long-term proton pump inhibitor use?
• Which of the following is an effective treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia?
• Erythrasma is caused by which organism?
• What is the typical duration for symptom resolution in nondisplaced proximal 5th metatarsal tuberosity avulsion fractures?
• In the management of degenerative meniscal tear, is meniscectomy more beneficial than conservative therapy at 6 months?
• In RSV bronchiolitis, what is the recommended hydration approach for infants with tachypnea and poor feeding?
• Which of the following is a second-line option for ITP after first-line therapy?
• Which pharmacotherapy is most strongly associated with successful smoking cessation when added to behavioral counseling?
• Sever's disease is the most common cause of heel pain in which population?
• Which parasite is described as a large, flat, segmented worm with proglottids seen in stool?
• Which medication may improve symptoms in patients with aortic stenosis who are not surgical candidates?
• What inheritance pattern is described for bicuspid aortic valve in families with a positive history?
• Which diagnostic test is recommended for all patients with a suspected thyroid nodule?
• What is the recommended high-dose regimen for treating acute otitis media in children?
• Valley Fever is caused by which organism?
• In an obese patient with daytime fatigue and loud snoring, what diagnostic test confirms suspected obstructive sleep apnea?
• On Amsler grid testing for age-related macular degeneration, which finding indicates metamorphopsia?
• In a patient with a penicillin allergy but no history of anaphylaxis, which antibiotic is appropriate for endocarditis prophylaxis?
• Which drug should be avoided in patients with syncope due to bradycardia risk?
• At what 10-year major fracture risk threshold is treatment for osteopaenia indicated?
• Terminally ill cancer patients who receive palliative chemotherapy are referred to hospice later. Which option best reflects this statement?
• In a 48-year-old female with MRSA bacteremia and echocardiogram negative for endocarditis, with no prosthetic devices, what is the recommended approach to blood cultures?
• Which thyroid condition is associated with high radioactive iodine uptake on a thyroid scan?
• Urinary retention is the most frequent finding in cauda equina syndrome. It is usually due to what kind of herniation?
• In Roseola infantum, which finding is considered pathognomonic?
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge without pruritus or dyspareunia is most characteristic of which infection?
• Compared with other treatments for genital warts, cryotherapy is:
• In patients with a history of pancreatitis who also have diabetes, which diabetes medications should be avoided or used with caution?
• Which tool is commonly used to assess delirium in hospitalized patients?
• In preterm babies, when should elemental iron supplementation begin and continue until (assuming no multiple transfusions)?
• Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is associated with which of the following benefits?
• For female organ transplant recipients, which contraception method is preferred to avoid interactions with immunosuppressive medications?
• Which agent is preferred for hypertension management in ADPKD?
• If treatment is required for Salmonella (eg, severe illness, bacteraemia), which antibiotic is an option?
• People who have experienced only hives after egg-containing foods can receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status. True or False?
• The Moving Valgus Stress Test is most specific for injury to which ligament?
• Which feature is more typical of a keloid than a hypertrophic scar?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for 30-day mortality in CAP?
• Which statement about ristocetin cofactor testing in von Willebrand disease is true?
• Which antihypertensive regimen is considered first-line for African-Caribbean patients?
• Which class of antihypertensives can reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnea?
• Elective inductions of labor or cesarean deliveries should be scheduled after what gestational age?
• Which age group is more commonly affected by Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and transient synovitis?
• Among previously healthy children with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia, which antibiotic is commonly used as first-line therapy?
• Which maneuver is most accurate for detecting an anterior cruciate ligament tear?
• Spiritual assessment on hospital admission is particularly appropriate for which patient group?
• Which drug class is commonly used as the cornerstone DMARD in rheumatoid arthritis?
• A 55-year-old man from Arizona with four weeks of fever, night sweats, dry cough, weight loss, and myalgia most likely has which infection?
• Which spirometry pattern characterizes restrictive lung disease?
• Which CAP antibiotic is associated with QT interval prolongation leading to ventricular fibrillation?
• In rheumatoid arthritis, the leading cause of death is:
• Which medication is least likely to cause hypoglycemia but runs the risk of lactic acidosis?
• Valley Fever is endemic in which geographic region?
• Nephrotic syndrome is defined by which triad?
• In infant reflux, when is a 4-week trial of acid-suppressing medication appropriate?
• Women who have had hysterectomy for benign reasons (e.g., fibroids) should not be screened for which condition?
• What is the most common neurologic complication of Paget's disease of the bone?
• Which service must be covered by insurance purchased through the marketplace when using an in-network provider?
• Adolescents are defined as the age range of?
• Which combination of early signs can indicate autism in toddlers?
• Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear is most commonly caused by which mechanism?
• What is a commonly reported benefit of probiotics in pediatric patients?
• Elevated levels of which metabolite are indicative of vitamin B12 deficiency?
• When a puncture wound goes through the rubber sole of an athletic shoe, which pathogen is most frequent?
• Coin rubbing is a traditional healing practice practiced primarily in which region?
• Which of the following is a criterion for severe CKD?
• In treating Generalised Anxiety Disorder, which class is avoided due to dependence risk?
• In scoliosis, which factor is most associated with the decision to refer for treatment?
• In a long-term-care facility outbreak of influenza A H1N1, what is recommended for residents?
• Which imaging modality is commonly used to evaluate suspected ovarian or adrenal tumors causing hyperandrogenism?
• What does 2DE stand for?
• In the management of a peritonsillar abscess, what is considered the cornerstone therapy?
• What is the mainstay intervention to improve progressive shortness of breath in COPD patients with FEV1 >50% and no frequent exacerbations who are already on LABA and SABA PRN?
• Which statement about functional ovarian cysts is true regarding persistence and management?
• Inpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly commonly includes which regimen?
• The typical time frame for resolution of adolescent gynaecomastia after onset is?
• Supplementation should continue until the child is consuming at least 500 mL/day of formula or milk containing vitamin D. True or False?
• Which statement describes the use of ultrasound in Sever's disease?
• Beyond short-term relief, local corticosteroid injection provides the best long-term improvement for which condition?
• Which symptom pattern is most characteristic of hoarding disorder?
• Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia is best managed with which surveillance strategy?
• Which ectoparasite serves as a vector for Bartonella quintana, the cause of trench fever?
• After involution of an infantile hemangioma is complete, what is the treatment of choice?
• Which finding on Wood's lamp is characteristic of erythrasma?
• Salmonella gastroenteritis is most often transmitted via which of the following?
• Erythrasma caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum is treated with which antibiotic?
• In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what is commonly observed?
• In peritonsillar abscess management, which option is less cost-effective?
• Despite its name, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is endemic to which area?
• For Barrett's esophagus with no dysplasia, what is the recommended endoscopic surveillance interval?
• Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT) involves which of the following actions?
• Which nasal symptom may accompany upper airway cough syndrome?
• In asymptomatic patients with mild aortic stenosis, how often should repeat 2D echocardiography be performed for surveillance?
• Among egg allergy histories, which history allows influenza vaccination with any influenza vaccine appropriate for age and health status?
• In skin and soft-tissue infections, besides Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species, which organism should also be considered?
• A USPSTF 'D' recommendation indicates that the service has which of the following?
• Leser-Trélat sign refers to which finding?
• In older adults with type 2 diabetes on medications, which HbA1c range has shown the greatest reduction in mortality in multiple studies?
• For detecting De Quervain's Tenosynovitis, where the thumb is in a fist and you ulnarly deviate, which test is used?
• Which imaging modality is preferred for suspected nephrolithiasis in pregnancy?
• Which feature differentiates posterior vitreous detachment from retinal detachment?
• If a patient with CAP is hypotensive and confused, what level of care and antibiotic strategy is recommended?
• In African-American patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, which therapy provides mortality reduction when added to standard therapy?
• What term describes reimbursement adjusted based on quality and efficiency measures rather than the number of services provided?
• Which statement describes aripiprazole's role in BPSD?
• Which area is NOT considered an endemic region for Valley Fever?
• What is the initial and most effective recommendation for weight loss in obese patients?
• Gowers sign indicates weakness of which muscle group?
• In idiopathic scoliosis, which Cobb angle indicates a high risk of progression requiring treatment?
• For small, bulky, well-localized infantile hemangiomas, which therapy can be effective?
• Antibiotics that are known to cause prolongation of the QT interval include which class?
• Erythema toxicum neonatorum typically resolves within what timeframe?
• What is the effect of a subacromial corticosteroid injection in shoulder impingement syndrome?
• The leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States is:
• Which serologic marker is used to monitor coeliac disease activity after a gluten-free diet?
• In adults aged 76 to 85, colorectal cancer screening should be which of the following?
• Which GLP-1 receptor agonist lowers risk of recurrent cardiovascular events?
• What is the most common cause of tinnitus?
• In sepsis, what is the recommended maximum blood glucose target for intensive management in adults?
• For second-line management of functional constipation in the elderly, which osmotic laxative is more effective with fewer side effects?
• For refractory olecranon bursitis lasting more than three months, what is a reasonable treatment option?
• Which modifiable risk factor is associated with AMD?
• In pediatric patients with umbilical hernias, when is surgical repair indicated?
• In Marfan syndrome, aortic regurgitation may be associated with which other valvular abnormality?
• Which stimulant is commonly used to improve daytime function in narcolepsy?
• In renal artery stenosis with good blood pressure control, what is the recommended management approach?
• Which of the following is recommended for the prevention of falls in community-dwelling older adults?
• In Little League shoulder, the growth plate involved is which of the following?
• According to cholesterol guidelines, adults aged 40-75 with diabetes, an LDL-C level of 70-189 mg/dL, and no clinical ASCVD should do what?
• At what age should a child’s hemoglobin be checked as recommended by the AAP?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with a Baker's cyst presenting behind the knee?
• According to the Ottawa Ankle Rules, radiography is indicated for which scenario?
• What diagnostic test is used to confirm suspected Cushing's syndrome?
• Which statement defines obesity hypoventilation syndrome?
• In haemoptysis with high risk for malignancy, which imaging is indicated?
• Coccidioides grows in soils under what environmental conditions?
• Angiokeratomas found on the shaft of the penis or suprapubic region can be associated with which disease?
• Which approach is the initial and most effective for weight management in obesity?
• If Molluscum contagiosum lesions are inflamed or pruritic, which treatment may be indicated?
• What is the fasting blood glucose target for a pregnant patient with gestational diabetes?
• Shoulder pain with weak external rotation is most consistent with weakness of which muscles?
• Which finding is an indication for chest radiography in suspected bronchitis?
• Desmopressin can be used concurrently with hypertonic saline to prevent overly rapid correction of sodium.
• For hemodynamically stable SVT, which maneuver is typically attempted first before pharmacologic therapy?
• Which anti-thyroid drug has been shown to decrease the risk of ophthalmopathy in Graves disease?
• Which type of prevention targets individuals who have developed an asymptomatic disease to prevent complications?
• In hospitalized patients with persistent hyperglycemia, what threshold should be used to start insulin therapy and what should be the target glucose range?
• Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles. True or False?
• Non-verbal communication cues: which statement is true about direct eye contact with some Mexican-American patients?
• Which physical examination test is described as having the patient stand on the affected leg with the knee flexed about 20 degrees and the knee rotated internally and externally three times, with a positive result indicated by locking, catching, or joint-line pain?
• Which statement best describes dietary management for ascites in cirrhosis?
• In a limping child with noncontributory history and no focal exam findings, what is the first step in workup?
• Gowers sign is a clinical finding most consistent with which condition?
• In Mobitz Type I second-degree AV block, pacemaker implantation is recommended in which scenario?
• Cupping on fundoscopy most strongly suggests which condition?
• Shoulder pain with weak internal rotation is most consistent with weakness of which structure?
• Which statement describes the classic distribution of the purpuric rash in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by which organism?
• At what age is HIV screening recommended in adolescents?
• In sickle cell disease, which group should be screened with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to assess stroke risk?
• What is the approximate time to peak analgesic effect for orally administered immediate-release opioids such as morphine?
• What is the preferred initial evaluation for acute mesenteric ischemia?
• After starting Levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, when should TSH be rechecked?
• Little League shoulder is best described as which condition?
• Which statement is true regarding monitoring coeliac disease after a gluten-free diet?
• What is the recommended sling duration for a non-displaced mid-clavicular fracture?
• Intensive behavioral interventions for autism should be initiated at what age to achieve significant benefit?
• What is the recommended duration of anticoagulation for a provoked pulmonary embolism?
• Which laboratory finding is typical of von Willebrand disease?
• What is recommended timing for introducing peanut-containing products to most infants to reduce peanut allergy?
• What is the recommended treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss that is likely idiopathic?
• Which statement is true regarding antibiotics for acute uncomplicated cystitis?
• The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends autism-specific screening at which well-child visits?
• Which IV antibiotic regimen is appropriate for uncomplicated gonococcal infection?
• Which statement is true about constitutional growth delay?
• What is the normal mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest?
• In Parvovirus B19-associated arthropathy, which joints are most commonly involved?
• For nondisplaced distal scaphoid fracture, what management is appropriate?
• For long-term management of back pain, which option is most cost-effective and beneficial?
• Which herbal remedy is noted for treating menopausal symptoms?
• In diabetic foot ulcers with suspected infection and MRSA, which antibiotic regimen would be most appropriate?
• What can help to delay definitive surgical therapy in carpal tunnel syndrome?
• Which anti-diabetic medication is preferred for a patient with chronic kidney disease and NYHA class III/IV heart failure?
• What is the recommended daily folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing age to reduce neural tube defects?
• What is the recommended treatment for mid-substance Achilles tendinopathy?
• In functional dyspepsia, which statement is true regarding response to treatment?
• Long-term maintenance therapy with a mood stabilizer is recommended in bipolar I disorder due to the high risk of recurrent mania; Haloperidol is not recommended for maintenance.
• What is the greatest risk factor for developing osteoarthritis in older adults?
• What is the empiric treatment after initial blood cultures in infective endocarditis due to Gram-positive cocci, with prosthetic valves?
• Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania characteristics include which of the following?
• What is the approximate daily risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection when a catheter remains in place?
• Which patients should be screened for COPD with spirometry?
• Which influenza vaccine types are not prepared using embryonated egg culture?
• What is the recommended approach to testing for C. difficile infection?
• What is often the initial study for evaluating endometrial cancer in a patient with abnormal uterine bleeding?
• Radiographic features of small bowel obstruction on plain films typically include which finding?
• What is the initial management for metatarsal stress fracture involving the second or third metatarsal?
• According to the Ottawa Ankle Rules, a negative result (no radiographs needed) supports which management approach for an ankle sprain?
• What is anchoring bias in diagnostic errors?
• What is a potential adverse reaction of methimazole or carbimazole?
• In Fragile X syndrome, prepubescent males are commonly recognized by which features?
• Which is the initial treatment for severe hyponatremia?
• Which statement about annual HPV screening in women aged 21-29 is true?
• Which therapy is used for both diagnosis and treatment of bile acid diarrhea (BAD)?
• Eosinophilic esophagitis may be treated with which therapy?
• In mild persistent asthma, which pharmacologic step is recommended?
• Which combination is considered problematic due to QT prolongation risk when used together with SSRI therapy?
• Which of the following should NOT be used as a first-line treatment for hypertension?
• Shoulder pain with weak abduction is most consistent with weakness of which muscles?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia?
• Once involution is complete, what is the treatment of choice for an infantile hemangioma?
• In a patient with acute deep venous thrombosis started on anticoagulation, what activity order is appropriate?
• Small hyperplastic polyps less than 10 mm confined to the rectum or sigmoid colon are typically surveilled how often if they are the only findings?
• Which scenario constitutes a justifiable breach of patient confidentiality?
• Brachial cleft cysts are best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is a mode of transmission for Yersinia pestis?
• What further investigations are required in newborns with isolated ear anomalies associated with maternal GDM?
• Hypersegmented neutrophils on a peripheral smear are most closely associated with a deficiency in which nutrient?
• For chronic tension-type headaches, which medication may reduce headache duration and severity?
• Acute laryngitis most often has a viral etiology. What is the most appropriate initial management?
• Which factor contributes to pharmacokinetic changes commonly observed with aging?
• According to the 2016 CDC HPV vaccination guidelines, how many doses are typically required for children aged 11–14, given the standard spacing?
• Nondisplaced lesser toe fractures are typically treated with what?
• Chlamydial pneumonia in infants usually shows which of the following characteristics?
• Which drug class is the treatment of choice for depression in patients with cardiovascular disease?
• In palliative management of shortness of breath with or without anxiety, what is the typical pharmacologic approach?
• The Ottawa Ankle Rules state that a negative result indicates what diagnosis?
• Which statement about long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) placement is true?
• Bedbug bites typically occur on which areas of the skin?
• Which feature makes ankylosing spondylitis more likely?
• Which statement about Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is true?
• Fragility fractures due to osteoporosis most commonly involve which skeletal sites?
• For migraine patients who cannot tolerate oral medications, which route of administration of metoclopramide may be beneficial?
• Which conditions impair absorption of levothyroxine?
• For secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in patients under 75, which statin regimen is recommended?
• Antibiotic prophylaxis for dog bites is particularly indicated for bites involving which area?
• In confirmed moderate to severe postpartum depression, which treatment approach is appropriate?
• For uncomplicated gonococcal infection, what is an appropriate single-dose ceftriaxone regimen?
• What screening strategy identifies the most cases of chronic Hepatitis C infection?
• In adults aged 76 to 85, which factor most influences the decision to screen for colorectal cancer?
• A urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio above which value is used as part of the thresholds for severe CKD?
• After puberty, which feature is characteristic of Fragile X syndrome?
• Which bioterrorism agent requires 60 days of continuous antibiotics for prophylaxis?
• Pseudohyponatraemia can be caused by which of the following conditions?
• Which beta-blocker combination has demonstrated mortality benefit in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
• For prepatellar bursitis, which statement best describes management?
• De Quervain's tenosynovitis has a typical course that is best described as which of the following?
• In primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, aspirin therapy is recommended for adults aged 50-59 with a 10-year CVD risk of at least 10%.
• Radiographs of proximal humeral epiphysitis may show which feature?
• What is the antibiotic of choice for traveller's diarrhoea?
• Stage I sarcoidosis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and no infection or malignancy, what is the recommended management?
• An adjunct to Buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid use disorder to help increase abstinence and decrease stress-related opioid cravings is which medication?
• Ringed appearance of the esophagus is most indicative of which condition?
• Pleural effusions due to which etiology are typically exudative?
• Which condition presents with blistering lesions on sun-exposed skin in the setting of liver disease and risk factors such as smoking, estrogen use, HIV, and HFE mutations?
• What is an advantage of IGRA (QuantiFERON-TB Gold) over the tuberculin skin test?
• Infants who are fully or partially breastfed should be supplemented with which vitamin and dose shortly after birth?
• For mild community-acquired pneumonia in adults with low resistance, which initial outpatient therapy is appropriate?
• Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children most often involves which intervention?
• Which statement best reflects a precaution when evaluating serotonin toxicity?
• Metformin is contraindicated in males with creatinine level greater than what, and in females greater than what?
• Which of the following is a complication of hypoparathyroidism due to hypocalcemia?
• Pearly Penile Papules are described as which of the following?
• What is the guideline regarding renewing home oxygen prescriptions after hospitalisation for acute illness?
• Which condition leads to marked oligohydramnios due to decreased fetal urine output?
• In adults with dyspepsia younger than 55 and no alarm symptoms, which strategy is appropriate?
• In celiac disease, osteoporosis is primarily due to reduced absorption of which nutrients?
• Disulfiram is not effective for preventing relapse in alcohol use disorder.
• Which statement best describes hyperplastic polyps of the colon?
• What percentage of carotid stenosis in a symptomatic patient is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?
• Which class of medication is an evidence-based abortive therapy for acute migraine?
• In acute urinary retention with an indwelling catheter, after how long is a trial of spontaneous voiding typically attempted to balance chance of voiding with the risk of catheter-associated infection?
• In men, hypogonadism is a recognized risk factor for osteoporosis.
• In Roseola infantum, the fever is typically high and the rash appears after the fever subsides; the illness is self-limited.
• Sundowning behavior is characteristic of which condition?
• Palivizumab immunoprophylaxis is recommended for which population to reduce hospitalization from RSV?
• What should be done after a tick bite to prevent Lyme disease if the tick was attached for a prolonged period?
• First-line management of delirium includes which approach?
• Which feature is most characteristic of keratoacanthoma?
• Which statement best describes trochanteric bursitis?
• Which condition is most strongly associated with resistant hypertension in adults?
• Vomiting and diarrhoea within hours of consuming contaminated food results from ingestion of preformed toxins; most often from which organism?
• What is the diagnostic test for compartment syndrome?
• In obsessive-compulsive disorder, which pharmacologic agents are listed as effective in addition to behavioral therapy?
• In von Willebrand disease, how do FVIII levels typically change?
• Why is right heart catheterization not recommended for pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease?
• In PCOS desiring pregnancy, which agent is preferred first-line for ovulation induction?
• Which test is used to diagnose De Quervain's Tenosynovitis?
• Which finding is a red flag suggesting a pathologic cause of tinnitus?
• Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents?
• What is the first-line treatment for persistent allergic rhinitis?
• Which statement about asplenic patients and vaccination is true?
• What is the most appropriate psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder?
• When is passive range of motion encouraged after a non-displaced mid-clavicular fracture?
• Which toxin is implicated in hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS due to shunting of portal blood away from the liver?
• If pharmacologic treatment is needed for tachycardia or hypertension in serotonin syndrome, which agent is preferred?
• Oxycodone often is not detected by standard immunoassay urine drug screens. When a patient on oxycodone has a negative screen despite reported use, which confirmatory test is most appropriate?
• After the initial rest period, what steps are taken before starting a graded return-to-play protocol?
• In suspected pulmonary embolism, what is the next appropriate test in a low-probability scenario?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
• After bariatric surgery, which dietary pattern is recommended?
• In treating borderline personality disorder, which therapy is commonly recommended?
• What is the best initial management to reduce hyperkalemia?
• In acute salpingitis, the uterus is typically what size?
• In immunization, PPSV23 alone may be indicated for chronic lung disease, diabetes, chronic heart disease, smoking, and alcoholism in immunocompetent persons under 65.
• Across United States health care settings, which class of medications is consistently identified as the leading cause of medication-related adverse events?
• For olecranon bursitis, how is the diagnosis best established?
• In a 6-month-old with physiologic phimosis and no complications, the initial management is:
• For melanoma, which of the following best describes the recommended surgical margin around the lesion according to AAD guidelines?
• What is the recommended treatment for adolescent depression according to the material?
• Which statement best describes diagnosing influenza when the clinical presentation is typical?
• What measure is most reliable to protect children from lead toxicity in the United States?
• When titrating opioid dosages, the CDC recommends considering naloxone when the daily morphine milligram equivalent reaches what threshold?
• Which antibiotic is appropriate for purulent cellulitis most likely caused by MRSA?
• When initial evaluation suggests secondary causes of pediatric hypertension, which additional measurement may be indicated?
• What is the first-line antibiotic for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
• To address vaccine hesitancy in a well-child visit, CDC recommendations include which action?
• In diarrhoea-predominant IBS, which classes of antidepressants are used?
• Which medication is commonly used for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy?
• Which agent used to reduce postpartum hemorrhage should be avoided in asthmatics due to risk of bronchospasm?
• Acne that appears at which age should prompt detailed endocrine laboratory testing for possible underlying systemic disease?
• Which medication is used to manage angina but has no mortality benefit?
• Which test is used to detect De Quervain's Tenosynovitis when the thumb is in a fist and the wrist is deviated?
• Which describes common etiologies of viral pericarditis?
• For low-risk patients on warfarin undergoing surgery, what is the recommended perioperative plan?
• Most soft-tissue infections from puncture wounds are caused by gram-positive organisms. Which organism is most commonly implicated?
• What is a classic early finding of muscular dystrophy?
• What is the most common cause of unintentional deaths in children?
• Which statement best describes the Shingrix vaccine compared with Zostavax?
• Prehn's sign helps distinguish epididymitis from testicular torsion because lifting the testicles:
• The most likely congenital cause of aortic valve disease in a patient with a positive family history is which?
• Which antidepressant should be avoided in adolescents due to a statistically increased risk of suicidality?
• A patient with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 35%) should be started on which medication as indicated by the data?
• What investigation is routinely required to establish a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
• For adults and children 6 years or older with ADHD, what is the most effective treatment?
• What are the Rome IV criteria for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome?
• Under federal law, employers with more than 50 employees must provide which accommodation for nursing mothers?
• Secondary prevention includes screening for which of the following?
• Before starting a graded return-to-play protocol after concussion, what reevaluation is recommended?
• For patients with chronic renal failure, vaccination against pneumococcus usually includes both PCV13 and PPSV23.
• Which statement is true regarding routine preoperative evaluation for major surgery?
• Which cough remedy has evidence of efficacy and safety for children aged 1 to 2 years?
• Which statement about hepatocellular adenoma risk and contraception is true?
• Which of the following is NOT a first-line therapy for ITP?
• Post-MI prophylaxis with beta-blockers and aspirin exemplifies which type of prevention?
• Trench fever, described in homeless populations, is most commonly associated with which population?
• In Marfan syndrome, which valvular abnormality is most characteristic?
• MRSA is present in approximately what percent of diabetic foot ulcers?
• In newborns with Down syndrome, which investigation is routinely performed to screen for congenital heart disease?
• According to osteoporosis screening guidelines for men, which statement is true?
• Which combination of medications is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis?
• A patient presents with cervical lymphadenopathy and signs of infection. What is the recommended initial management?
• In infertility work-up, which test assesses ovulation status?
• Which biomarkers are useful to guide management when pneumonia or heart failure is suspected?
• Daycare workers with giardiasis present with bloating, flatulence, and foul-smelling stools. What is the treatment of choice?
• Which treatment modality offers the highest cure rate for basal cell carcinoma?
• Transient tachypnoea of the newborn typically shows which chest radiograph finding within 2 hours of birth?
• In a patient with hyperandrogenism, which finding most strongly suggests an ovarian or adrenal tumor that should be evaluated with CT abdomen-pelvis?
• Regarding RSV infection, which statement is true?
• In the first 3-4 days of acute rhinosinusitis, are viral and bacterial etiologies distinguishable, and how should antibiotics be used?
• What is the preferred method to diagnose psychogenic nonepileptic seizures?
• What is the only evidence-based treatment with significant benefits for children with autism?
• Pregnancy-related dental disorders include which of the following?
• Which infant signs suggest potential breastfeeding issues?
• Depression associated with erectile dysfunction is treated with which antidepressant?
• The USPSTF recommends 1-time screening with ultrasonography in which group?
• Nephrotic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of which complication?
• Which herbal supplement has the most evidence for joint pain relief and is described as being present in all human cells and involved in producing cartilage and neurotransmitters?
• What is the typical healing time for stress fractures in teenage athletes under conservative management?
• In children at high risk for peanut allergy, what step can be considered before introducing peanut-containing products?
• The initial management of serotonin syndrome includes which of the following?
• Ear discharge with grommets in place: which treatment is preferred to resolve discharge promptly?
• In adolescent males, gynaecomastia occurs in approximately what proportion and typically resolves within how many months after onset?
• Which statement best describes the effect of starting an alpha-blocking agent such as tamsulosin during catheterization for acute urinary retention?
• Which thyroiditis is associated with a painful and tender thyroid, often following an upper respiratory viral illness?
• What test is included in risk stratification for asymptomatic cardiovascular disease?
• Risk factors for a Baker's cyst include which of the following?
• If CAP is complicated by bronchiectasis, which inpatient regimen is suggested?
• What is the most common cause of incontinence in elderly men and women?
• Functional constipation in the elderly: what is the first-line management?
• What is the recommended first-line agent to prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis?
• Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is best described as a paradoxical increase in pain sensitivity despite:
• First-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) includes which of the following?
• Which growth-related finding is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants?
• Which laboratory finding is most consistent with von Willebrand disease?
• Which antibiotic class is associated with an increased risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture?
• Before starting Truvada for HIV PrEP, which tests must be documented?
• Which sleep hygiene practice is recommended to facilitate sleep?
• Advance provision of emergency contraception to sexually active women commonly has what effect?
• Is imaging generally required to diagnose a Baker's cyst?
• Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil or diltiazem can be used acutely to terminate SVT and chronically to prevent recurrence, but they may cause hypotension. Which statement best describes their use?
• What is the most effective medication for motion sickness?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis with hypokalaemia due to insulin driving potassium into cells, what is the recommended initial management step?
• What monitoring is recommended for patients on antipsychotics for dementia?
• Which dietary modification is recommended for diverticulosis?
• Which imaging study is recommended to evaluate suspected slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) in adolescents?
• Which conditions can cause falsely elevated HbA1c levels?
• Which dietary herbal supplement has the highest risk for drug interactions?
• The USPSTF recommends screening for abnormal glucose levels as part of a cardiovascular risk assessment for adults aged 40-70 who are overweight or obese. If fasting glucose is in the impaired fasting glucose range (100-125 mg/dL), what should be done?
• Which statement distinguishes a keloid from a hypertrophic scar?
• In the evaluation of haemoptysis, what is the initial imaging study most commonly performed?
• Lithium toxicity is more prevalent in the elderly and commonly presents with which symptom clusters?
• Which treatment has been shown to improve quality of life for tinnitus?
• What is the initial management for uterine fibroid tumors that are asymptomatic?
• Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
• Which statement reflects the recommended supportive care for acute chest syndrome?
• Which oral medication is listed as effective for post-herpetic neuralgia?
• Which radiologic features are indicative of malignancy in a solitary pulmonary nodule?
• Which of the following describes a high-risk group for influenza complications?
• The presence of RBC casts on spun urine sediment is pathognomonic for which condition?
• What is the treatment for viral pleurisy?
• What is the characteristic AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic liver disease?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for porphyria cutanea tarda?
• In hypothyroidism due to pituitary disease, which parameter is preferred to monitor therapy response?
• What are the recommended durations of anticoagulation for provoked versus unprovoked pulmonary embolism?
• Which congenital anomaly is most commonly associated with oligohydramnios?
• Which drug is commonly used for acute termination of stable SVT due to its rapid onset and short half-life?
• What is the recommended approach to testing for cure after C. difficile treatment?
• Which factor would most likely cause NT-proBNP levels to be higher than expected in evaluating heart failure symptoms?
• Lymphadenopathy in a patient at high risk for malignancy: what is the first-line diagnostic test?
• In iron deficiency anemia associated with gastric bypass, what is the recommended iron replacement?
• Buprenorphine therapy should be initiated when a patient is in which stage of opioid withdrawal for optimal effectiveness?
• In children two years or older with mild acute otitis media symptoms, which management is acceptable?
• Infective endocarditis, the majority of cases are caused by which type of organisms?
• Which occupation is NOT typically associated with silicosis?
• Which clinical features of palpitations warrant concern for an underlying cardiac etiology?
• Rosiglitazone initiation is contraindicated in patients with which condition?
• Bartonella quintana, which causes trench fever, is transmitted by which vector?
• Dermoid cysts are typically characterized by which of the following features?
• Which pharmacologic class has been shown to improve mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
• The Thessaly test uses knee flexion of approximately how many degrees during the examination?
• Which dietary component is recommended as part of nonpharmacologic hypertension management?
• Which symptom in Henoch-Schönlein purpura warrants urgent evaluation?
• In suspected endometriosis, which noninvasive test is the noninvasive test of choice?
• In a patient with mild transaminitis and negative HepB/HepC, which investigation helps evaluate for hereditary haemochromatosis?
• Alpha-1 blockers such as doxazosin, prazosin, and tamsulosin are commonly used as pharmacotherapy for what condition?
• Which medication is moderately effective for relapse prevention in alcohol use disorder?
• Which of the following is true regarding the management of Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia?
• What is the most common cause of child abuse in the United States?
• Mild hypercalcemia while on hydrochlorothiazide should be managed by:
• Which statement about eosinophilic esophagitis is true?
• Which drug is used for latent TB infection prophylaxis?